LIVER FUNCTION TEST (LFT)

The Liver Function Test (LFT) is a comprehensive diagnostic tool used to assess the health and functionality of the liver. This test measures levels of specific enzymes and proteins in the blood, providing insights into the liver's ability to perform its critical functions. The results of the LFT can help diagnose liver diseases, monitor the progression of liver conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.

The liver is an essential organ in the human body, playing a critical role in various physiological processes. It is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances, producing bile to aid digestion, storing nutrients, and regulating blood clotting. Given its multifaceted functions, any disturbance in liver function can have significant implications for overall health.

Clinical Utility

The Liver Function Test (LFT) includes ALT/AST ratio (De Ritis) ratio aids as an adjunct along with other tests in identifying alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Associated tests Fibrosis-4 is useful in risk stratification for liver fibrosis in patients with liver disorders.

Common Liver Diseases

• Hepatitis: This inflammation of the liver can be caused by viral infections (Hepatitis A, B, C), autoimmune diseases, or toxins.
• Fatty Liver Disease: Characterised by the accumulation of fat in liver cells, this condition can be either alcohol-related or non-alcoholic (NAFLD).
• Cirrhosis: Progressive scarring of the liver tissue resulting from chronic liver damage, commonly due to long-term alcohol use or viral hepatitis.
• Liver Cancer: Often a consequence of chronic liver conditions, liver cancer is a severe illness that can significantly impact liver function.

Symptoms of Liver Disease

• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels.
• Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen.
• Fatigue and Weakness: Persistent tiredness that affects daily activities.
• Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat, potentially leading to weight loss.
• Fluid Retention: Swelling in the abdomen or legs caused by fluid accumulation.
• Bruising and Bleeding: Increased tendency to bruise or bleed easily.

Causes of Liver Disease

• Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Prolonged alcohol use can lead to liver damage and diseases such as alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
• Viral Infections: Hepatitis viruses are major causes of liver inflammation and damage.
• Obesity and Diabetes: Conditions like non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
• Genetic Disorders: Inherited conditions such as hemochromatosis or Wilson’s disease can affect liver function.
• Medications and Toxins: Certain medications and exposure to environmental toxins can contribute to liver damage.

Conclusion

The Liver Function Test (LFT) is a comprehensive diagnostic tool used to assess the health and functionality of the liver. This test measures levels of specific enzymes and proteins in the blood, providing insights into the liver's ability to perform its critical functions. The results of the LFT can help diagnose liver diseases, monitor the progression of liver conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing treatments.